Deep neural networks (DNNs), the machine learning algorithms underpinning the functioning of large language models (LLMs) and other artificial intelligence (AI) models, learn to make accurate ...

In this case, the protein-based neural network allows the comparison of multiple inputs and provides a single output, such as programmed cell death or differentiation.

Photonic neural networks—systems that use light instead of electricity to process information—promise faster speeds and lower energy use than traditional electronics.