About a decade ago, Milinkovitch noticed that the scales on the reptile’s jaws and face differ from those on its body. He speculated that a mechanical process might underlie their formation. Testing ...

Reptiles are air-breathing vertebrates covered in special skin made up of scales, bony plates, or a combination of both. They include crocodiles, snakes, lizards, turtles, and tor- toises.

Cornified scales of reptiles increased their capacity to live in terrestrial environments. The stratum corneum is very thin, with little keratin. Skin is used for gas exchange. Thick keratin layer ...

Touch their skin and you'll feel tough scales from top to bottom ... With teeth like that, who cares if they're venomous or not? Many reptiles face threats from habitat loss, climate change ...