Cell references in Excel are like addresses that point to specific cells. Three types of Excel cell references are relative, absolute, and mixed, each with unique functions.

Handle errors using relative references to adjust formulas automatically. Use absolute references (`$`) to keep the table array constant when copying formulas.

Referencing can become difficult, especially if you’re using structured referencing. Instead, reference a spill range so you can use the hashtag shortcut.

Creating Running Totals in Regular Ranges To create a running total in an Excel range that isn't formatted as an Excel table, you need to use a combination of absolute and relative references.