is one of the few surviving examples of a Roman "scutum," the most popular shield type from the fourth century B.C. to the third century A.D. It was excavated from the ancient city of Dura-Europos ...

It is thought that this panel was originally part of a Roman shield, as indicated by the curved edges and central indentation where a shield boss could have been originally placed. Shields would ...

The Roman Empire was created and controlled by its soldiers. At the core of the army were its legions, which were without equal in their training, discipline and fighting ability. By the time ...