Climatic stress events, such as extreme temperatures and prolonged droughts, are increasingly affecting tree growth and phenology—the timing of developmental stages like leaf burst and senescence.

Value of a birch tree inoculated with chaga spores could increase in value from $30 to $625 when the chaga matures.

The study focused on silver birch trees and found that species richness and competitive pressure for light in the immediate vicinity influenced the timing of spring leaf burst, while water ...