For over a century, the Cambrian arthropod Helmetia expansa remained a mystery. Discovered by paleontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott in 1918, it was initially classified as a crustacean.

“We are now sure she was a primitive marine arthropod, but her precise evolutionary relationships remain frustratingly elusive.” Sarah Gabbott, the study’s lead author and a professor in the School of ...

Abstract: The network structure of cellulose microfibrils was found in the hemocoel of selected compound styelid ascidians, Polyandrocarpa misakiensis, Metandrocarpa uedai and Polyzoa vesiculiphora.