This CSS Cyberdefense report by Eugenio Benincasa examines how a core group of red hackers from the 1990s and 2000s laid the groundwork for China’s modern cyber capabilities and traces their ...

What comes after Assad – and under what conditions can Syria transition towards the rule of law and economic recovery? In his latest CSS Analysis, CSS Senior Researcher Emanuel Schäublin examines the ...

China’s growing capabilities in science and technology have raised concerns about global power balances. In his CSS Analysis, Leo Eigner describes how, as geopolitical tensions increase, China is ...

Anja Eugster is a member of the communications team at the Center for Security Studies (CSS) at ETH Zurich. She is currently studying communication sciences and media research at the University of ...

Karin Hess is a Researcher and provides management support to the Head of the Center for Security Studies (CSS) thinktank Dr. Daniel Möckli. Prior to joining CSS, Karin worked for the Swiss Federal ...

The approximately 50 participants of the ETH Workshop on “Resilience in Crisis Situations” all agreed that the proliferation of the resilience concept had improved awareness of how crises and ...

Reports and information disclosures by threat intelligence providers, government agencies, think tanks, and online hacktivists have exposed China’s elaborate multifaceted “hack-for-hire” ecosystem ...

NATO has designated cyberspace as a domain of warfare and recognized that an adversarial cyber campaign could trigger the Alliance’s collective defense mechanism under Article 5. Given the ...

This report discusses significant milestones in the development of ransomware, and what turned them into a significant threat to human and national security.

The IT Army of Ukraine was stood up in an ad-hoc manner without a clearly structured and proven plan. Born out of necessity, the IT Army subsequently evolved into a hybrid construct that is neither ...

European armed forces continue to depend on the imports of advanced drones from the United States and Israel. To contribute to their strategic autonomy, Europeans need to first align their strategic ...

This edited volume compiled by CSS director Andreas Wenger and Alex S. Wilner focuses on contemporary denial, bridging the theoretical gap that persists between classical deterrence theory and ...